Subsurface mapping indicates that tectonics played an active role during deposition of the Lower and Middle Lewis (Dad member) sediments. During deposition of the Upper Lewis and Fox Hills Sandstone, tectonics ceased to affect sedimentation and a pattern of differential compaction exists with respect to the underlying Dad member. Clinoforms within the Dad member prograded from the southwest to the northeast. Faults strike in three primary directions, northwest, northeast and east west. These strike directions fit well with left lateral wrench fault patterns predicted by published outcrop, subsurface and clay model studies. Folds and dip directions occur in orientations consistent with such models for left lateral wrench faults.

Ernie received his B.S. degree in Applied Geophysics from the University of California, Los Angeles, in June 1995. He worked for Western Geophysical from 1995-1999 and held various positions in Europe and the former Soviet Union. ernie is a M.S. candidate and successfully defended his thesis earlier this month. He will study in russia during the Spring 2002 and will join British Petroleum in Anchorage, Alaska, shortly thereafter.

Carlos Moita, Has an MS in Geology from the University of Lisbon in 1996. I worked for the "Instituto Geologico e Mineiro" in Portugal since 1994 to present. And I'm a candidate to a Master degree in Geophysics at CSM.

In this presentation, I will discuss the new 3-D Induction logging tool (3DEX) and then address both theoretically and with real data the computation of permeability anisotropy. I use both laminated sand models as well as macroscopic models based on the resistivity anisotropy measurements to estimate vertical over horizontal (kv:kh) permeability ratios. In addition to multi-component induction data, I will explore both stand alone and joint interpretation of NMR property variations to predict the macroscopic reservoir permeability anisotropy.

Dr. Daniel T. Georgi (dan.georgi@bakerhughes.com), Director of Science, BakerAtlas/INTEQ, holds an M.A. in Geophysics and a Ph.D. in Earth Sciences from Columbia University. He has been involved with fundamental research, tool development, and field studies throughout his career. He has dealt with many aspects of formation evaluation of conventional, fractured, and heavy-oil reservoirs as well as open and cased hole log analysis.

Over the last two decades, amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis has been used for direct hydrocarbon detection, lithology identification and, more recently, for reservoir monitoring. The improved acquisition design and higher quality of seismic data have allowed the AVO methodology to become more quantitative and sometimes provide us with estimates of important reservoir characteristics including porosity and crack density. Quantitative AVO inversion, however, is difficult to carry out due to a number of practical and theoretical problems, such as the instability of the conventional AVO inversion of P-wave data. Consequently, AVO analysis is often incapable of constraining the individual physical parameters needed for reservoir characterization, particularly in anisotropic media. We suggest to stabilize the AVO inversion by using PP-and PS-waves collected in multicomponent surveys for a wide range of source-receiver azimuths (i.e., using 3D-3C data). Converted PS-waves are generated simultaneously with PP-waves and, therefore, represent a relatively inexpensive source of additional information. Joint inversion of PP- and PS-wave reflection coefficients for the parameters of azimuthally anisotropic formations is the main focus of this work. The developed inversion algorithms are designed not only to estimate the medium parameters, but also to provide simple analytic insight into the parameter combinations constrained by the available data. The analytic aspect of the inversion is especially important in anisotropic media where "blind" numerical algorithms often suffer from non-uniqueness and trade-offs between medium parameters.

Received MS in geophysics from the Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Currently pursuing Ph.D. degree in geophysics, CSM.

Although the 1-D code successfully predicted travel times of various waveforms it failed to predict amplitudes correctly. For this reason we used a code developed by the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (KIAM) to model the radial and axial variations inherent in the problem. The finite difference time-stepping code utilizes the full Biot theory, including the frequency dependent tortuosity and permeability. The results of the present study indicate that a one-dimensional theory may suffice, but the character of the normal modes may differ significantly from those of a plane wave in the bulk, due to the presence of the small gap. The code allows us to determine whether the Biot slow wave exists for differing rock types.

B.S. Engineering Physics (1997) West Virginia Wesleyan College Future Degree (2001)

Biot's analysis of wave propagation predicts that a second compressional, or 'slow' P-wave can occur in fluid saturated porous media. This wave has been detected directly in natural rocks using a shock tube. Since the observation of this wave mode in sedimentary rocks, many questions have arisen. These include, when does the slow P-wave need to be taking into account when interpreting acoustic data and can the behavior of the slow P-wave be used to ascertain petrophysical parameters of a rock?

In order to help answer these questions, shock tube experiments were performed. Acoustic travel times and amplitudes of fast and slow compressional waves, as well as reflection coefficients from naturally occurring sandstone samples were determined. Sandstones studied include cores from the Lyons, Fox Hills, Berea, and Bentheimer formations. These samples had a permeability range of 0.3 milliDarcies to 5 Darcies, and a porosity range of 9 to 30 percent. Empirical data collected on wave velocities, attenuation and pore pressure were compared to a one-dimensional Biot model which demonstrated that the model accurately predicts wave velocity but overestimates amplitudes. Current observations show that the slow-compressional wave cannot be detected using the present experimental configuration in samples with permeabilities below 200 mD. Shock Tube data has shown that the reflection coefficients at the water to sample interface decreased sharply when the slow P-wave was present.

Philip Brown received a B.S. in Geophysical Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines in 1994. After graduation, Phil was employed by Sperry-Sun Drilling Services working as a Formation Evaluation while Drilling Engineer offshore in the Gulf of Mexico until 1996. Since 1992, Phil has also participated in a number of projects involving near-surface geophysical survey design, data collection, processing and interpretation for hydrological, environmental, engineering, mining, and forensic applications. Such projects included work for The Colorado School of Mines, Necro Search International, Pegasus Gold Corporation, MicroGeophysics Corporation, Blackhawk Geosciences, and Infraseis Incorporated. In 1998, Phil joined Energy Data Services in Lakewood, CO working on well log data clean up, well log normalization, formation evaluation and research. Since August of 1999, Phil has been a full time student at the Colorado School of Mines with the Center for Petrophysics where he worked as the Geophysics Department Webmaster and held the Treasurer position with the Society of Geophysics Graduate Students (SGGS). Phil is currently working for the Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team at the United States Geologic Survey in Lakewood CO as a Research Geophysicist and is Vice President of the SGGS. Further information about Phil can be found on his web site, http://www.mines.edu/students/p/pjbrown/.

At the Stanford Exploration Project we have made substantial progress to make wavefield methods competitive with Kirchhoff methods, but we also found new and stimulating problems. I will present our results and discuss some of the unsolved problems related to: computational cost, velocity estimation, amplitude-preserved migration, data regularization, and poor reflector illumination. New insights in seismic and inversion theory are required to harness the foreseeable increase in computer power for imaging reservoir in complex areas.

Biondo Biondi is Associate Professor (Research) of Geophysics at Stanford University and leads the Stanford Exploration Project efforts in 3-D imaging. Biondo graduated from Politecnico di Milano in 1984 and received a M.S. (1988) and a Ph.D. (1990) in geophysics from Stanford. He has made contributions on several aspects of seismic imaging, ranging from velocity estimation to parallel algorithms for seismic migration. Since the early nineties he has been at the forefront of the development of wave-equation 3-D prestack migration methods. Biondo is in close contact with the practical applications of seismic imaging by his involvement with 3DGeo Development, that he founded in 1994. 3DGeo Development is a growing seismic services start-up that brings innovative technologies to the exploration Industry such as wave-equation imaging and Internet based seismic processing. Biondo is a member of SEG and EAGE and is a member of the SEG Research Committee and SEG Translation Committee.